1953年，日本丰田公司的副总裁大野耐一综合了单件生产和批量生产的特点和优点，创造了一种在多品种小批量混合生产条件下高质量、低消耗的生产方式即准时生产（Just In Time，简称JIT）。 要求：简述JIT的优缺点。
【答案】JIT的优点： （1）库存量低。这意味着减少了仓储空间，从而节约了租赁和保险费用； （2）由于仅在需要时才取得存货，因此降低了花费在存货上的运营资本； （3）降低了存货变质、陈旧或过时的可能性； （4）避免因需求突然变动而导致大量产成品无法出售的情况出现； （5）由于JIT着重于第一次就执行正确的工作这一理念，因而降低了检查和返工他人所生产的产品的时间。 JIT的缺点： （1）由于仅为不合格产品的返工预留了最少量的库存，因而一旦生产环节出错则弥补空间较小； （2）生产对供应商的依赖性较强，并且如果供应商没有按时配货，则整个生产计划都会被延误； （3）由于企业按照实际订单生产所有产品，因此并无备用的产成品来满足预期之外的订单。然而，JIT仍是一种能够对生产做出及时响应的方法。（教材P125） 英文 （1）The advantages of JIT:Minimum stock inventory level, which reduce the size of the warehouse and reduce the leasing and insurance cost （2）Reduce the cost of working capital over inventory, as the inventory is obtained only when necessary （3）Reduce the possibility of inventory deterioration （4）Avoid the situation that lots of finished goods cannot be sold as the market demands change suddently （5）As JIT emphasizes the principle that all work should be finished properly on its first time, the reviewing cost and re-do cost is reduced The disadvantage of JIT: （1）As the company only reserve limited inventory for unqualified product rework, it is quite difficult for the company to solve any mistakes in the production process （2）The company relies on its suppliers quite heavily, if any supplier cannot provide raw material on time, all production plan should be delayed （3）As the company produces all products based on the actual orders, it does not have any additional finished goods to meet unexpected demands